JUHE ( Dried Tangerine SEED )---橘核

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JUHE ( Dried Tangerine SEED )---橘核

JUHE ( Dried Tangerine SEED )---橘核

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Juhe It is the dried ripe seed of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties. It is bitter, neutral and relates to liver and kidney meridians, with actions of regulating qi, dissipating mass and relIeving pain. It usually treats hernia in small intestine, swollen and painful testicles and swelling pain due to mammary abscess. The dosage is 3-9g.

JUPI, It is the dried pericarp of Citrusreticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties, family Rutaceae. The mature firuits arecollected at late autumn and early winter.They are peeled and sliced to dry in the sunshine or in low temperature. It is used in raw form.

[ Medicinal Properties ]: Bitter, pungent and warm; relate to lung and spleen meridians.

[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Regulate qi and invigorate spleen; dry dampness and resolve phelgm.

[ Clinical applications ]: 1. Qi stagnation of spleen and stomach It treats distension and fullness of epigastrium and abdomen, in combination with zhiqiao and Muxiang; it treats spleen deficiency with qi stagnation, abdominal pain reduced by pressure and abdominal distension after meals, usually with Dangshen, Baizhu and Fuling in Yigong Powder; it treats over-restriction of spleen by liver qi and abdominal pain with diarrhea, with Baizhu, Baishao and fangfeng, such as Fuxie Yaofang; it treats failure of stomach to regulate and descend, manifested as vomiting and nausea, usually with Shengjiang in Jupi Decoction.

2. Retention of dampness, cough with profuse sputum For damp turbidity obstructing the middle energizer, manifested as distension and oppression in chest and epigastrium, anorexia, lassitude and greasy tongue coating, it is usually used with Cangzhu and Houpo, such as Pingwei Powder; for damp-phlegm accumulation manifested as cough with whitish profuse sputum, usually with Banxia, Fuling and Gancao, such as Erchen Decoction.

In addition, it helps spleen to transport and ensure proper tonification if added in tonifying prescriptions.

[ Usage and Dosage ]: 3-9g. The raw are usedto dry dampness and resolve phlegm. The stir-baked are used to regulate qi and invigorate spleen with less dry and violent property.

[ Annotation ]: Juhe It is the dried ripe seed of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties. It is bitter, neutral and relates to liver and kidney meridians, with actions of regulating qi, dissipating mass and relIeving pain. It usually treats hernia in small intestine, swollen and painful testicles and swelling pain due to mammary abscess. The dosage is 3-9g.

Juluo It is the dried pith of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties. It is sweet, bitter ,neutral and relates to liver and lung meridians with actions of unblocking meridians, promoting qi flow and resolving phlegm. It usually treats pain in chest and hypochondrium and cough due to obstruction of meridians by phlegm. The dosage is 3-5g.

Juye It is the leaf of Citrus reticulata Blanco. It is pungent, bitter , neutral,and relates to liver meridian, with actions of soothing liver to promote qi flow, relieving swelling and dissipating mass. It usually treats hypochondriac pain, mamary abscess and lumps and abdominal mass. The dosage is 6-10 g.

Huajuhong It is the dried outer pericarp of the immature or nearly mature fruits of Citrus grandis Tomentosa or Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck,family Rutaceae.It is pungent, bitter , warm and relates to lung and spleen meridians, with actions of dispelling cold, drying dampness,regulating qi and resolving phlegm. It usually treats cough due to wind-cold , itching throat with much sputum, food retention,excessive drinking alcohol, vomiting, nausea and stuffiness.the dosage is 3-6g.

．橘核　为橘的种子。性味苦，平。归肝经。功能理气散结，止痛。适用于疝气疼痛、睾丸肿痛及乳房结块等。煎服，3～10g。

陈皮 chenpi为芸香科植物橘 Citrus reticulata Blanco 及其栽培变种的成熟干燥果皮。主产于广东、福建、四川、浙江、江西等地。秋末冬初果实成熟时采收果皮，晒干或低温干燥。以陈久者为佳，故称陈皮。产广东新会者称新会皮，广陈皮。切丝，生用。

【药性】辛、苦，温。归脾、肺经。【功效】理气健脾，燥湿化痰。

【应用】 1．脾胃气滞证。本品辛行温通，有行气止痛、健脾和中之功，因其苦温而燥，故寒湿阻中之气滞最宜。治疗中焦寒湿脾胃气滞，脘腹胀痛、恶心呕吐、泄泻等，常与苍术、厚朴等同用，如平胃散（《和剂局方》）；若食积气滞，脘腹胀痛，可配山楂、神曲等同用，如保和丸（《丹溪心法》）；若外感风寒，内伤湿滞之腹痛、呕吐、泄泻，可配藿香、苏叶等同用，如藿香正气散（《和剂局方》）；若脾虚气滞，腹痛喜按、不思饮食、食后腹胀、便溏舌淡者，可与党参、白术、茯苓等同用，如异功散（《小儿药证直诀》）。若脾胃气滞较甚，脘腹胀痛较剧者，每与木香、枳实等同用，以增强行气止痛之功。

2．呕吐、呃逆证。陈皮辛香而行，善疏理气机、条畅中焦而使之升降有序。治疗呕吐、呃逆，常配伍生姜、竹茹、大枣如橘皮竹茹汤（《金匮要略》）；若脾胃寒冷，呕吐不止，可配生姜、甘草同用，如姜橘汤（《活幼心书》）。

3．湿痰、寒痰咳嗽。本品既能燥湿化痰，又能温化寒痰，且辛行苦泄而能宣肺止咳，为治痰之要药。治湿痰咳嗽，多与半夏、茯苓等同用，如二陈汤（《和剂局方》）。若治寒痰咳嗽，多与干姜、细辛、五味子等同用，如苓甘五味姜辛汤（《伤寒论》）；若脾虚失运而至痰湿犯肺者，可配党参、白术同用，如六君子汤（《医学正传》）。

4．胸痹证。本品辛行温通、入肺走胸，而能行气通痹止痛。治疗胸痹胸中气塞短气，可配伍枳实、生姜，如橘皮枳实生姜汤（《金匮要略》）。

【用法用量】煎服，3～9g。【古籍摘要】 1．《神农本草经》：“主胸中瘕热，逆气，利水谷，久服去臭，下气。”

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2．《名医别录》：“下气，止呕咳”。“主脾不能消谷，气冲胸中，吐逆霍乱，止泄。”

3．《本草纲目》：“疗呕哕反胃嘈杂，时吐清水，痰痞咳疟，大便闭塞，妇人乳痈。入食料，解鱼腥毒。”“其治百病，总取其理气燥湿之功。同补药则补，同泻药则泻，同升药则升，同降药则降。”

【现代研究】 1．化学成分：陈皮中含有川陈皮素、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、橙皮素、对羟福林、黄酮化合物等。陈皮挥发油含量为1．5～2．0％，广陈皮挥发油含量为1．2～3．2％，其成分有α-侧柏烯、柠檬烯等。

2．药理作用：本品煎剂对家兔及小白鼠离体肠管，麻醉兔、犬胃及肠运动均有直接抑制作用；小量煎剂可增强心脏收缩力，使心输出量增加，冠脉扩张，使冠脉流量增加，大剂量时可抑制心脏；陈皮水溶性总生物碱具有升高血压作用；陈皮提取物有清除氧自由基和抗脂质过氧化作用；鲜橘皮煎剂有扩张气管的作用；挥发油有刺激性祛痰作用，主要有效成分为柠檬烯；陈皮煎剂对小鼠离体子宫有抑制作用，高浓度则使之呈完全松弛状态，用煎剂静脉注射，对麻醉兔在位子宫则使之呈强直性收缩；有利胆、降低血清胆固醇作用。

3．临床研究：陈皮临床用于治疗各种胃炎及结肠炎，以养胃冲剂(陈皮、黄芪、党参、白芍、生甘草、食糖等)治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎（中医杂志，1986，11：30），以陈荷散(陈皮15g，干荷叶10g，砂仁2g)治疗溃疡性结肠炎（浙江中医杂志，1991，4：156）均获良效；以陈皮70g，每日煎服1剂，治疗急性乳腺炎45例，痊愈38例（唐山医药，1989，2：10）。另有以陈皮为主的复方煎剂治疗小儿喘息性支气管炎（陕西中医，1992，7：292）、以陈皮提取物（主要成分对羟福林）注射液静脉滴注抢救休克等（江苏中医，1990，1：35）。

附药橘核　橘络　橘叶　化橘红 1．橘核　为橘的种子。性味苦，平。归肝经。功能理气散结，止痛。适用于疝气疼痛、睾丸肿痛及乳房结块等。煎服，3～10g。

2．橘络　为橘的中果皮及内果皮之间的纤维束群。性味甘、苦，平。归肝、肺经。功能行气通络，化痰止咳。适用于痰滞经络之胸痛、咳嗽、痰多。煎服，3～5g。

3．橘叶　为橘树的叶。性味辛、苦，平。归肝经。功能疏肝行气，散结消肿。适用于胁肋作痛、乳痈、乳房结块等。煎服，6～10g。

4．化橘红　为芸香科植物化州柚 Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck var. tomentosa Hort. (C. grandis Tomentosa) 或柚 C. grandis (L.) Osbeck 的未成熟或接近成熟外层果皮。性味辛、苦，温。归肺、脾经。功能理气宽中，燥湿化痰。适用于湿痰或寒痰咳嗽，食积呕恶，胸闷等。煎服，3～10g。