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Haizao (Seaweed)---海藻

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It is the dried seaweed of Sargassum pallidum (Turn.)C. Ag. or Sargassum fusiforme (Harv.)Setch.,family Sargassaceae. The former is usually called "Dayehaizao(seaweed with small leaves)",the latter "Xiaoyehaizao(seaweed with large leaves)". They are dredged up in summer and autumn. After the impurities are removed , they are washed clean, cut into segments and dried in the sunshine.

[ Medcinal Properties ]: Bitter, salty and cold; relate to liver, stomach and kidney meridians.

[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Resolve phlegm and soften hardness; induce diuresis and relieve edema.

[ Clinical Applications ]: 1.Goiter, scrofula      It treats goiter in combination with Kunbu, Beimu and Qingpi, such as Haizao YUhu Decoction; it treats scrofula, with Xiakucao, Lianqiao and Xuanshen in Neixiao Luoli Pills. It also treats swelling of testicle.

2. Beriberi with edema      It treats beriberi with edema together with Zexie.

[ Usage and Dosage ]: 6-12g.

[ Precautions ]: It is incompatible with Gancao.

海藻为马尾藻科植物海蒿子Sargassum pallidum(Turn.) C. Ag.或羊栖菜S.fusiforme.(Harv.)Setch.的藻体。前者习称“大叶海藻”,后者习称“小叶海藻”。主产于辽宁、山东、福建、浙江、广东等沿海地区。夏,秋二季采捞,除去杂质,淡水洗净,切段晒干用。

       【药性】咸,寒。归肝、肾经。        【功效】消痰软坚,利水消肿。       
 
【应用】        1.瘿瘤、瘰疬、睾丸肿痛。本品咸能软坚,消痰散结。治瘿瘤,常配昆布、贝母等药用,如海藻玉壶汤(《外科正宗》);治瘰疬,常与夏枯草、玄参、连翘等同用,如内消瘰疬丸(《疡医大全》);治睾丸肿胀疼痛,配橘核、昆布、川楝子等,如橘核丸(《济生方》)。       
 
 2.痰饮水肿。本品有利水消肿之功,但单用力薄,多与茯苓、猪苓、泽泻等利湿药同用。       
 
【用法用量】煎服,10~15g。        【使用注意】传统认为反甘草。但临床也每有配伍同用者。       
 
【古籍摘要】        1.《神农本草经》;“主瘿瘤气,颈下核,破散结气,痈肿癥瘕坚气,腹中上下鸣,下十二水肿。”       
 
 2.《本草蒙筌》:“治项间瘰疬,消颈下瘿囊;利水道,通癃闭成淋,泻水气,除胀满作肿。”       
3.《本草纲目》;“海藻,咸能润下,寒能泄热引水,故能消瘿瘤、结核、阴之坚聚,而除浮肿、脚气、留饮、痰气之湿热,使邪气自小便出也。”       
 
【现代研究】        1.化学成分:羊栖菜和海蒿子均含褐藻酸、甘露醇、钾、碘、灰分等。海蒿子还含马尾藻多糖、岩藻甾醇等。羊栖菜还含羊栖菜多糖A、B、C及褐藻淀粉。       
 
 2.药理作用:海藻因含碘化物,对缺碘引起的地方性甲状腺肿大有治疗作用,并对甲状腺机能亢进,基础代谢率增高有暂时抑制作用。褐藻酸硫酸酯有抗高血脂症作用,又可降低血清胆固醇及减轻动脉粥样硬化。水浸剂有降压作用。海藻中所含褐藻酸有类似肝素样作用,表现为抗凝血、抗血栓、降血粘度及改善微循环作用。羊栖菜对枯草杆菌有抑制作用,海藻多糖对Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒有抑制作用。       
 
 3.临床研究:用海藻、藻糖衍生物、银耳多糖等制成复合MPS冲剂口服,治101例单纯性肥胖患者,有效率为88.1%(中国海洋药物,1990,3:33);海藻中提取的藻酸双酯钠(PSS)现广泛用于治疗脑血栓、急性脑梗塞(实用内科杂志,1987,11:580)、高脂血症(中国海洋药物,1992,2:17),此外用PSS还可以治糖尿病(新药与临床,1992,1:39),冠心病及慢性肺源性心脏病(中国海洋药物,1992,1:54)、肾病综合征(中华肾脏病杂志,1991,3:196)、血栓性静脉炎(中国海洋药物,1992,1:42)、视网膜静脉阻塞(实用眼科杂志,1994,2:106)等。

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