Jiangcan (Stiff Silkworm)---僵蚕

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Jiangcan (Stiff Silkworm)---僵蚕

Jiangcan (Stiff Silkworm)---僵蚕

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Product Description

Jiangcan is the dried body of Bombyx mori Linnaeus, pertaining to Bombycidae, killed by infections of Beauveria bassiana(Bals.)Vuillant, or artificially, at the age of 4th to 5th ecdyses. Usaully it is generated in spring and fall, by drying the dead infected silkworms. The raw form is used or after stir-baked.

[ Medicinal Properties ]: Salty, pungent and neutral; relate to liver, lung and stomach meridians.

[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Dispel wind, tranquilize; resolve phlegm and dissipate nodulation.

[ Clinical Applications ]: 1. Fright epilepsy and comvulsions Jiangcan is very suitable for fright epilepsy and convulsions with phlegm heat. It treats high fever with comvulsions, in combinatin with Chanyi and Gouteng. For acute infantile convulsions, with phlegm dyspnea and convulsions, it is used in combinatin with Quanxie, Tianma and Dannanxing, such as in Qianjin Powder. It treats infantile chronic convulsions due to spleen insufficiency, in combination with Dangshen and Baizhu; for example in Xingpi Powder. Also it treats tetanus, in combination with Quanxie and Gouteng.

2. Wind attack on meridians and distorted face It is in combination with Quanxie and Baifuzi, such as in Qianzheng Powder.

3. Headache, reddish eyes, sore throat, measles and itching It treats liver wind attacking upwards, representing as headache, reddish and swollen eyes with pain, and tearing induced by wind, in combination with Sangye and Muzei. To treat swollen and sore throat with hoarse voice, it is used in combination with Jiegeng and Bohe, in Liuwei Tang. It treats measles with itching, in combination with Chantui and Bohe.

It is applicable in the liver wind attacking upwards, manifesting as headache, reddish and swollen eyes with pain, and tearing induced by wind, in combination with Sangye and Muzei. In case of swollen and sore throat with hoarse voice, it is in combination with Jiegeng and Bohe, such as in Liuwei Decoction. It treats measles with itching, in Combination with Chantui and Bohe.

4. Phlegm nodule and scrofula It treats phlegm nodule and scrofula alone as powder, or in combination with Zhebeimu and Xiakucao. For acute mastitis, epidemic mumps, deep-rooted boils and abscesses, it is used in combination with Jinyinhua and Huangqin.

[ Usage and Dosage ]: 5-9g. It is ground into powder for oral administration, 1-1.5g. This medicinal is processed, however, to dispel wind-heat, it is used in raw form.

[ Side Effects ]: Oral administration can cause allergic reactions, manifesting as acneiform eruptions or allergic eruptions, which would disappear after stop using it. Some patients can show dry mouth and throat, nausea, poor appetite and lassitude. It contains ammonium oxalate, which can be degraded to generate ammonia in the human body. As a result, be cautious with hepatic coma.

僵蚕为蚕蛾科昆虫家蚕Bombyx mori Linnaeus. 4～5龄的幼虫感染（或人工接种）白僵菌Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillant而致死的干燥体。主产于浙江、江苏、四川等养蚕区。多于春、秋季生产，将感染白僵菌病死的蚕干燥。生用或炒用。

【药性】咸、辛，平。归肝、肺、胃经。【功效】祛风定惊，化痰散结。

【应用】 1．惊痫抽搐。本品咸辛平，入肝、肺二经，既能息风止痉，又能化痰定惊，故对惊风、癫痫而挟痰热者尤为适宜。治高热抽搐者，可与蝉衣、钩藤、菊花同用。治急惊风，痰喘发痉者，以本品同全蝎、天麻、朱砂、牛黄、胆南星等配伍，如千金散（《寿世保元》）；若用治小儿脾虚久泻，慢惊搐搦者，又当与党参、白术、天麻、全蝎等益气健脾，息风定惊药配伍，如醒脾散（《古今医统》）；用治破伤风角弓反张者，则与全蝎、蜈蚣、钩藤等配伍，如撮风散（《证治准绳》）。

2．风中经络，口眼斜。本品味辛行散，能祛风、化痰、通络，常与全蝎、白附子等同用，如牵正散（《杨氏家藏方》）。

3．风热头痛，目赤，咽痛，风疹瘙痒。本品辛散，入肝、肺二经，有祛外风、散风热、止痛、止痒之功。用治肝经风热上攻之头痛、目赤肿痛、迎风流泪等症，常与桑叶、木贼、荆芥等疏风清热之品配伍，如白僵蚕散（《证治准绳》）；用治风热上攻，咽喉肿痛、声音嘶哑者，可与桔梗、薄荷、荆芥、防风、甘草等同用，如六味汤（《咽喉秘集》）；治疗风疹瘙痒，如《圣惠方》用本品为末，内服，治风疮瘾疹，可单味研末服，或与蝉蜕、薄荷等疏风止痒药同用。

4．痰核，瘰疬。本品味咸，能软坚散结，又兼可化痰，故可用治痰核、瘰疬，可单用为末，或与浙贝母、夏枯草、连翘等化痰散结药同用。亦可用治乳腺炎、流行性腮腺炎、疔疮痈肿等症，可与金银花、连翘、板蓝根、黄芩等清热解毒药同用。

【用法用量】煎服，5～9g。研末吞服，每次1～1.5g；散风热宜生用，其他多制用。

【古籍摘要】 1．《神农本草经》：“主小儿惊痫、夜啼，去三虫，灭黑，令人面色好，男子阴疡病。”

2．《本草纲目》：“散风痰结核、瘰疬、头风、风虫齿痛，皮肤风疮，丹毒作痒，……一切金疮，疔肿风痔。”

【现代研究】 1．化学成分：本品主要含蛋白质，脂肪。尚含多种氨基酸以及铁、锌、铜、锰、铬等微量元素。白僵蚕体表的白粉中含草酸铵。

2．药理作用：僵蚕醇水浸出液对小鼠、家兔均有催眠、抗惊厥作用；其提取液在体内、外均有较强的抗凝作用；僵蚕粉有较好的降血糖作用；体外试验，对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌有轻度的抑菌作用，其醇提取物体外可抑制人体肝癌细胞的呼吸，可用于直肠瘤型息肉的治疗。

3．临床研究：据报道，用胆制僵蚕与黄连或黄芩共研细末备用。治疗小儿高热惊厥32例，痊愈30例（中国农村医学，1984，2:209）；用僵蚕治疗高脂血症21例，血清胆固醇和甘油三酯皆降至正常（湖北中医杂志，1987，3:43）；用僵蚕10g装胶囊服用。治疗多发性疖肿35例，全部治愈（广西中医药，1983，4:5）。另有用僵蚕等治疗癫痫、破伤风、百日咳、糖尿病等。

4．不良反应：僵蚕内服可致过敏反应，出现痤疮样皮疹及过敏性皮疹，停药后均能消失。少数患者有口咽干燥、恶心、食欲减少、困倦等反应。由于僵蚕有抗凝作用，故对血小板减少，凝血机制障碍及出血倾向患者应慎用。僵蚕、僵蛹均含草酸铵，进入体内可分解产生氨，对肝昏迷患者慎用。

附药僵蛹雄蚕蛾 1．僵蛹为中国科学院动物研究所等单位研制的以蚕蛹为底物，经白僵菌发酵的制成品。药理实验证明，僵蛹有抗惊厥、抑制癌细胞等作用；临床实践亦证明，僵蛹具有一定的退热、止咳化痰、镇静、止痉、消肿散结、止遗尿等作用，疗效与白僵蚕相近，可代替白僵蚕药用。现己制成片剂用于临床，治疗癫痫、腮腺炎、慢性支气管炎等疾病。

2．雄蚕蛾为蚕蛾科昆虫家蚕蛾Bombyx mori L.的雄性全虫。性味咸、温，归肝、肾经。功能补肝益肾，壮阳涩精。临床多用于治疗阳痿、遗精、白浊、尿血、创伤、溃疡及烫伤等证。近年来药理、临床表明，雄蚕蛾的提取液具有雄性激素样作用；雄蚕蛾含有对成年雄性大鼠精子数量与活动有正向调节的活性成分，并具有抗疲劳，延缓衰老等作用。