Sheganis the dried rhizome of Belamcanda chinensis ( L ) DC., pertaining to Rutaceae. It is collected in early spring when it begins to sprout or in later fall after it withers. After the fibrous root, mud ad sand are removed, it is dreid, and then cut into slices. The raw form is used.
[ Medicinal Properties ]: Bitter and cold; relate to lung meridian.
[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Clear heat, relieve toxicity; dispel phlegm and relieve sore throat.
[ Usage and Dosage ]: 3-9 g.
[ Precautions ]: Be cautious or avoid for pregnant woman.
[ Clinical Applications]: 1.Swollen and sore throat By itself or combined with Huangqin, Jiegeng and Gancao, it treats swollen and sore throat due to heat toxin and phlegm-fire. Also it treats external contraction of wind-heat, manifesting as sore-throat and hoarse voice, in combination with Jingjie, Lianqiao and Niubangzi.
2. Phlegm congestion, chough and dyspnea It treats cough and dyspnea due to lung heat with profuse yellow sputum, combined with Sangbaipi, Madouling and Jiegeng; for example in Shegan Douling Decoction. It treats asthma or produse sputum due to accumulation of cold phlegm, usually combined with Mahuang, xixin and Banxia; for example in Shegan Mahuang Decoction.
射干为鸢尾科植物射干Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC,的干燥根茎。主产于湖北、河南、江苏、安徽等地。春初刚发芽或秋末茎叶枯萎时采挖,以秋季采收为佳。除去苗茎、须根及泥沙,洗净,晒干。切片,生用。
【药性】苦,寒。归肺经。
【功效】清热解毒,消痰,利咽。
【应用】 1.咽喉肿痛。本品苦寒泄降,清热解毒,主入肺经,有清肺泻火,利咽消肿之功,为治咽喉肿痛常用之品。主治热毒痰火郁结,咽喉肿痛,可单用,如射干汤(《
圣济总录》);或与升麻、甘草等同用。若治外感风热,咽痛音哑,常与荆芥、连翘、牛蒡子同用。
2.痰盛咳喘。本品善清肺火,降气消痰,以平喘止咳。常与桑白皮、马兜铃、桔梗等药同用,治疗肺热咳喘,痰多而黄;若与麻黄、细辛、生姜、半夏等药配伍,则可治疗寒痰咳喘,痰多清稀,如射干
麻黄汤(《
金匮要略》)。
【用法用量】煎服,3~9g。
【使用注意】本品苦寒,脾虚便溏者不宜使用。孕妇忌用或慎用。
【古籍摘要】 1.《
神农本草经》:“主咳逆上气,喉痹咽痛,不得消息,散结气,腹中邪逆,食饮大热。”
2.《
滇南本草》:“治咽喉肿痛,咽闭喉风,乳蛾,痄腮红肿,牙根肿烂,攻散疮痈一切热毒等症。” 3.《
本草纲目》:“射干,能降火,故古方治喉痹咽痛为要药。”
【现代研究】 1.化学成分:本品含射干定、鸢尾苷、鸢尾黄酮苷、鸢尾黄酮、射干酮、紫檀素、草夹竹桃苷及多种二环三萜及其衍生物和苯酚类化合物等。
2.药理作用:射干对常见致病性真菌有较强的抑制作用;对外感及咽喉疾患中的某些病毒(腺病毒、ECHO11)也有抑制作用;有抗炎、解热及止痛作用;尚有明显的利尿作用。
3.临床研究:据报道,射干临床常用于支气管炎、哮喘、肺炎、咽喉炎等多种急性感染,均有良好疗效。也可用于其他疾病,如:用射干、山豆根,配伍辛夷、细辛等药水煎服,治疗慢性鼻窦炎50例,痊愈32例,好转16例(安徽中医学院学报1986,2:36);另用射干水煎加糖适量口服,治疗乳糜尿104例,痊愈94例(中医杂志1981,5:44);用射干、甘松各3g研末以白酒冲服,治疗阳痿效果好(山西中医1994,2:4)。
此外,射干还可治疗稻田性皮炎、咽喉癌、胃痛等。