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ShengYào (Oxydatum Crudum)---升药

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Product Description

It is the compound prepared from mercury, potassium nitrate, and alumbre through sublimeation. The red medicine is called Hongsheng, the yellow one is Huangsheng, It is ground into powder for medicinal use and more effective if it has been stored over a long time.

[Medicinal Properties]: Pungent, hot and extremely toxic; relate to the lung and spleen meridians.

[Medicinal Efficacies]: Remove toxin and necrotic tissue; promote tissue regeneration.

[Clinical Applications]:

Ulceration from carbuncle or phlegm failing to evacuate pus smoothly, necrotic tissue and regeneration       It has good function of removing toxin, necrotic tissue, and evacuating pus, as one of the commonly used external medicinals. It is often used with Duanshigao, and the ratio of two medicinals can be adjusted according to state of illness, such as the ratio of Duanshigao and Hongsheng is 9 : 1, which is called Jiuyi Dan(Pill), with weak action of removing toxin and strong action of absorbing dampness, regenerating tissue, When the ratio of the two is 8 : 2, the composition is called Baer Dan, 7 : 3 is called Qisan Dan, 1: 1 is called Wuwu Dan, 9 : 1 is called Jiuzhuan Dan, its action of removing toxin becoming stronger orderly.

In addition, it also can be used to treat damp sore, impetigo, obstinate tinea and syphilis.

[Usage and Dosage]: It can be used only for external use but not for internal use. The pure medicinal cannot be used, it is mostly in combination with Duanshigao. Its amount should be proper for external applications. It is ground into extremely fine powder and applied to the local area or mixed with water or stunk powder to medicated thread.Mercuric oxide on human lethal dose of 0.1 ~ 0.7g.

[Precautions]: Because of its extreme toxicity, It can not be used for over dosage or persistent usage. It is not advisable for pyocutaneous disease without necrotic tissues or pus.

升药由水银、火硝、白矾各等分混合升华制成。红色者称红升,黄色者称黄升。各地均产,以河北、湖北、湖南、江苏等地产量较大。研细末入药,陈久者良。又名红粉、三仙丹、红升丹、黄升丹。

       【药性】辛,热。有大毒。归肺、脾经。        【功效】拔毒,去腐。       
 
【应用】        痈疽溃后,脓出不畅,或腐肉不去,新肉难生。本品有良好的拔毒去腐排脓作用,为只供外用的外科常用药之一。常与收湿敛疮的煅石膏同用,可随病情不同,调整二药的用量比例,如升药与煅石膏的用量比为1∶9者称九一丹,拔毒力较轻而收湿生肌力较强,2∶8者称八二丹,3∶7者称七三丹,1∶1者称五五丹,9∶1者称九转丹,则拔毒提脓之力逐步增强。       
 
此外,升药也可用治湿疮、黄水疮、顽癣及梅毒等。       
 
【用法用量】外用适量。本品只供外用,不能内服。且不用纯品,而多配煅石膏外用。用时,研极细粉末,干掺或调敷,或以药捻沾药粉使用。       
 
【使用注意】本品有大毒,外用亦不可过量或持续使用。外疡腐肉已去或脓水已尽者,不宜用。       
 
【古籍摘要】        1.《外科大成》:“治一切顽疮及杨梅粉毒、喉疳、下疳、痘子。”       
 
 2.《疡医大全》:“提脓长肉,治疮口坚硬,肉暗紫黑,或有脓不尽者。”       
 
3.《疡科心得集》:“治一切疮疡溃后,拔毒去腐,生新长肉。”       
 
【现代研究】        1.化学成分:为粗制氧化汞(HgO),另含少量硫酸汞。       
 
 2.药理作用:升药在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌等有很强的杀菌作用,效力比石碳酸大100倍以上;但因升药的组方配伍和炼制方法不尽相同,致使其成分、杀菌力和疗效也有差别;实验表明,升丹制剂可促进和改善创面微循环,减少微血栓,增加创面营养和血供,有利于创面愈合。       
 
 3.临床研究:据报道,用升药或经适当配伍治疗痈疽疔疖、瘘管、顽癣、银屑病、梅毒等多种疾病,均取得良好疗效。近年还报道:升药外用每日换药1次,治疗阑尾炎及肠梗阻术后切口感染32例,结果平均伤口愈合时间为13.3日(吉林中医药,1983,3∶16);用平胬新(升药、枯矾等量研细末)外用,并盖贴黑膏药治疗胬肉85例,均获痊愈(湖南中医杂志,1997,6∶16);单用升丹或将其制成八二丹剂型(即升丹与煅石膏2∶8比例组成)外用,治疗皮肤溃疡105例,有效率98.9%(新中医,1991,9∶30)。
 
此外,又可用治腋臭、痤疮、白癜风、酒齄鼻、化脓性骨髓炎等。      
 
  4.不良反应:升药有大毒,一般只供外用,不可内服。氧化汞对人的致死量为0.1~0.7g(有毒中草药大辞典,天津科技翻译出版公司,1992∶242)。

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