
The source is fro the dry leaflet of Cassia angustifolia Vahl and C. acutifolia Delile, family Leguminosae. It is usually collected in September, and dried in the sunshine. The raw form is utilized as medicine.
[ Medicinal Properties ]: Sweet, bitter, cold; relate to large intestine meridian.
[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Purge and relax the bowels.
[ Usage and Dosage ]: 2-6g. It is added later oris soaked in boiling water for oral use.
[ Precautions ]: It should be used carefully or contraindicated during pregnancy, lactation or menstruation.
[ Side effects ]: Large dosage can induce nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.
[ Clinical Applications ]: Constipation due to stagnaiton of heat It is convenient to use and has sound effect. It has mild purgation in small dosage and drastic purgation in large dosage. It is suitable for constipation due to stagnation of heat, habitual constipation and constipatio of aging as well. It is usually soaked alone in boiling water for oral use. For constipation due to stagnation of heat and abdominal distending pain, it is used together with Zhishi, Houpo, etc. to enhance to actions of purgation.
番泻叶为豆科植物狭叶番泻Cassia angustifolia Vah、或尖叶番泻C. acutifolia Delile的干燥小叶。前者主产于印度、埃及和苏丹,后者主产于埃及,我国广东、广西及云南亦有栽培。通常于9月采收。晒干。生用。
【药性】甘、苦,寒。归大肠经。
【功效】泻下通便。
【应用】 1.热结便秘。本品苦寒降泄,既能泻下导滞,又能清导实热,适用于热结便秘,亦可用于习惯性便秘及老年便秘。大多单味泡服,小剂量可起缓泻作用,大剂量则可攻下;若热结便秘,腹满胀痛者,可与枳实、厚朴配伍,以增强泻下导滞作用。
2.腹水肿胀。本品能泻下行水消胀,用于腹水肿胀,单味泡服,或与牵牛子、大腹皮同用。
此外,临床上以番泻叶小剂量,每日3克,代茶饮,用于中风昏迷者,可通肠腑,缓解症状,以利康复。
【用法用量】温开水泡服,1.5~3g;煎服,2~6g,宜后下。
【使用注意】妇女哺乳期、月经期及孕妇忌用。 【古籍摘要】 《饮片新参》:“泄热,利肠腑,通大便。”
【现代研究】 1.化学成分:狭叶番泻叶和尖叶番泻叶均含番泻苷、芦荟大黄素葡萄糖苷、大黄酸葡萄糖苷以及芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、山奈酚、植物甾醇及其苷等。
2.药理作用:番泻叶中含蒽醌衍生物,其泻下作用及刺激性比含蒽醌类之其他泻药更强,因而泻下时可伴有腹痛。其有效成分主要为番泻苷A、B,经胃、小肠吸收后,在肝中分解,分解产物经血行而兴奋骨盆神经节以收缩大肠,引起腹泻。蒽醌类对多种细菌(葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等)及皮肤真菌有抑制作用。
3.临床研究:据报道,以番泻叶用沸水浸泡后饮服还可用于治疗其它多种疾病,如:肠梗阻、胆道蛔虫、慢性肾功能衰竭、流行性出血热以及促进术后肠功能早期恢复。
4.不良反应:大剂量服用,有恶心、呕吐、腹痛等副作用。