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Haima (Sea Horse)---海马

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This medicinal is the dried body of Hippocampus kelloggi Jordan et Snyder, H.histrix Kaup, H.kuda Bleeker and H.trimaculatus Leach and H.japomicus Kaup. It is captured in summer and autumn. It is either wild or aquatics bred. After being washed clean and dried by natural sunlight with or without its internal organs being removed, it is ground into powder for use.

[ Clinical Applications ]: 1. Impotence, spermatorrhea and enuresis    It treats kidney yang deficiency with impotence, insecurity of kidney qi with spermatorrhea and enuresis, in combination with Lurong, Renshen and Shudihuang. For frequent nocturnal urination, it is combined with swiming bladder, Gouqizi and red date.

2. Dyspnea due to kidney deficiency    Combined with Gejie, Hutaorou, Renshen and Shudihuang, it is effective to treat dyspnea due to kidney insufficiency.

3. Abdominal masses, injuries from falls     To treat abdominal masses due to qi stagnation and blood stasis, it is prescribed with Muxiang, Dahuang and Badou, as in the MuxiangDecoction. To treat injuries from falls with unsmooth flow of qi and blood, it is used in combination with Xuejie, Danggui, Chuanxiong and Ruxiang.

4. Deep-rooted boils and sores    Prescribed with Chuanshanjia, mercury and Zhusha, in the Haima Badu Powder, it treats ulcers, sores and cellulites, ulcers and cellulites due to stagnation of qi and blood, disharmony between nutrient and defense, and blockage of meridians.

[ Usage and Dosage ]: 3-9g, decocted for oral adinistration. Appropriate amount for external application; ground into powder and applied directly on the affected part.

[ Precautions ]: It is contraindicated in pregnant women, yin deficiency with effulgent fire.

海马为海龙科动物线纹海马Hippocampus kelloggi Jordan et Snyder、刺海马H .histrix Kaup、大海马H. kuda Bleeker三斑海马H. trimaculatus Leach或小海马(海沮)H.japomicus Kaup的干燥体。主产于广东沿海的阳江、潮汕一带,山东烟台、青岛等地。其次辽宁、福建等沿海地区亦产。野生与养殖均有。夏秋季捕捞,洗净,晒干,或除去内脏晒干。捣碎或研粉用。

       【药性】甘,温。归肝、肾经。        【功效】补肾壮阳,调气活血。       
 
【应用】        1.阳痿、遗精遗尿。本品甘温,温肾阳,壮阳道,用治肾阳亏虚,阳痿不举,肾关不固,遗精遗尿等症,常与鹿茸、人参、熟地黄等配伍应用,如海马保肾丸(《北京市中药成方选集》);若治疗夜尿频繁,可与鱼鳔、枸杞子、红枣等同用,如海马汤(《中药临床应用》)。       
 
2.肾虚作喘。本品补益肾阳,有引火归原,接续真气之功。用治肾阳不足,摄纳无权之虚喘,常与蛤蚧、胡桃肉、人参、熟地黄等配伍,以增强药力。       
 
 3.癥瘕积聚,跌打损伤。本品入血分,有助阳活血,调气止痛之能。用治气滞血瘀,聚而成形之癥瘕积聚,每与木香、大黄、巴豆等同用,如木香汤(《圣济总录》);用治气血不畅,跌打瘀肿,可与血竭、当归、川芎、乳香、没药等配伍。       
 
 4.疔疮肿毒。海马调气活血,能使血瘀得散,气滞得通,用治气血凝滞,荣卫不和,经络阻塞,肌肉腐溃之疮疡肿毒,恶疮发背,可与穿山甲、水银、朱砂等配伍,如海马拔毒散(《急救仙方》)。       
【用法用量】煎服,3~9g。外用适量,研末敷患处。       
 
【使用注意】孕妇及阴虚火旺者忌服。       
 
【古籍摘要】        1.《本草纲目》:“暖水道,壮阳道,消癥块,治疔疮肿毒。” “入肾经命门,专善兴阳,功不亚于海狗。更善堕胎,故能催生也。”        2.《本草品汇精要》:“调气和血。”        3.《本经逢原》:“阳虚多用之,可代蛤蚧。”       
 
【现代研究】        1.化学成分:海马含有大量的镁和钙,其次为锌、铁、锶、锰,以及少量的钴、镍和镉。       
 
 2.药理作用:海马的乙醇提取物,可延长正常雌小鼠的动情期,并使子宫及卵巢(正常小鼠)重量增加。海马能延长小鼠缺氧下的存活时间,延长小鼠的游泳时间,显示了较好的抗应激能力。       
 
3.临床研究:海马、人参等配伍组成无价丹口服治疗阳痿有效(福建中医药,1993,24,(4):8);海马蛤蚧散治疗治疗男性不育效显(国医论坛,1995,10,(4):29)。       

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