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Huhuanglian ( Figwortflower Picrorhiza Rhizome)---胡黄连

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Huhuanglian is the dried rhizome of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell, pertaining to Scrophulariaceae. It is collected in fall . After the fibrous root, earth and sands are removed, it is sun dried. It is cut into thin slices or pound into fragments for use.

[ Medicinal Properties ]: Bitter and cold; relate to liver, stomach and large intesitne meridians.

[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Relieve deficiency-fever; remove fever due to infantile malnuturtion; and clear damp-heat.

[ Clinical Applications ]: 1. Yin deficiency, bone-steamign, tidal fever and night sweat      Usually it is combined with Yinchaihu and Digupi ; for example in Qinggu Powder.

2. Inantile malnutrtion with fever     For fever, indigestion, abdominal distension, emaciation and lingering low fevver due to infantile malnutrition with accummulation, combined with Dangshen, Baizhu and Shanzha; for example in Feier Pills.

3. Damp-heat, diarrhea, dysentery and hemorrhoid     It is good at removing damp-heat in stomach and intestines, usually combined with Huangqin, Huangbo and Baitouwen. In case of hemorrhoid with swelling and pain, it is in combinatin with Ciweipi and Shexiang as pill for oral adminisstration, such as Hulian Zhuidu Pills.

[ Medicinal Comparison ]: Similarities: Both Huanglian and Huhuanglian can clear damp-heat and are good at removing damp-heat in stomach and intestines to treat diarrhea and dysentery due to damp-heat.

Differences: Huanglian is strong at clearing heat and drying dampness, also is good at clearing heart fire and stomach fire to treat various heat toxin as well as heart fire and stomach fire. Huhuanglian is good at relieving deficiency-fever and removing malnutrtion fever to treat yin deficiency with fever and infantile malnutrition with accumulation.

胡黄连为玄参科植物胡黄连Picrorhiza serophulariiflora Pennell的干燥根茎。主产云南、西藏。秋季采挖,除去须根及泥沙,晒干。切薄片或用时捣碎。

      
【药性】苦,寒。归肝、胃、大肠经。       
 
【功效】退虚热,除疳热,清湿热。       
 
【应用】        1.骨蒸潮热。本品性寒,入心肝二经血分,有退虚热,除骨蒸,凉血清热之功。治阴虚劳热骨蒸,常与银柴胡、地骨皮等同用,如清骨散(《证治准绳》)。       
 
 2.小儿疳热。本品既能除小儿疳热,又能清退虚热,故可用于小儿疳积发热,消化不良,腹胀体瘦,低热不退等症,常与党参、白术、山楂等同用,如肥儿丸(《万病回春》)。       
 
 3.湿热泻痢。本品苦寒沉降,能清热燥湿,尤善除胃肠湿热,为治湿热泻痢之良药,常与黄芩、黄柏、白头翁等同用。       
 
此外,本品能清大肠湿火蕴结,还可用治痔疮肿痛、痔漏成管,常配刺猬皮、麝香为丸,如胡连追毒丸(《外科正宗》)。       
 
【用法用量】煎服,1.5~9g。        【使用注意】脾胃虚寒者慎用。       
 
【鉴别用药】胡黄连与黄连,名称相似且均为苦寒清热燥湿之品,善除胃肠湿热,同为治湿热泻痢之良药。然胡黄连善退虚热、除疳热;而黄连则善清心火、泻胃火,为解毒要药。       
 
【古籍摘要】        1.《本经逢原》:“胡黄连,苦寒而降,大伐脏腑骨髓邪热,除妇人胎蒸、小儿疳热积气之峻药。”       
 
2.《本草正义》:“凡热痢脱肛,痔漏疮疡,血痢血淋,溲血泻血及梅毒疳疮等证,湿火结聚,非此不能直达病所,而小儿疳积腹膨之实证,亦可用之。”       
 
【现代研究】        1.化学成分:本品主要含有环烯醚萜苷及少量生物碱,酚酸及其糖苷,少量甾醇等。      
 
  2.药理作用:本品的根提取物有明显的利胆作用,能明显增加胆汁盐、胆酸和脱氧胆酸的排泌,具有抗肝损伤的作用。胡黄连中所含有的香荚兰乙酮对平滑肌有收缩作用,对各种痉挛剂引起的平滑肌痉挛又具有拮抗作用。胡黄连水浸剂在试管内对多种皮肤真菌有不同程度抑制作用。
 
此外,胡黄连苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ,香草酸、香荚兰乙酮对酵母多糖引起的PMN白细胞的化学反应发生和自由基的产生有抑制作用。

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