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Shayuanzi (Flatstem Milkvetch Seed)---沙苑子

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This medicinal is the dried ripe seed of Astragalus complanatus R. Br.(Fam. Leguminosae). It is excavated or pulled up by the roots at the end of autumn and early winter, dried by natural sunlight, and thrashed for seeds. After removal of impurities, it is used in its unprocesssed or baked with salt water form.

[ Medicinal Properties ]: Sweet, warm; relate to liver and kidney meridians.

[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Warm and tonify liver-kidney; secure essence and reduce urination; improve vision.

[ Clinical Applications ]: 1. Kidney deficiency with lumbago, impotence, spermatorrhea, enuresis, frequent urination and vaginal discharge     By itself, it is effective to treat lumbago due to kidney deficiency. For spermatorrhea, enuresis, frequent urination and vaginal discharge, it is used in combinaiton with Lianzi, Lianxu and Qianshi, as in the Jinsuo Gujing Pills.

2. Dim and blurred vision, dizziness     In this case, it is used in combination with Gouqizi, Tusizi and Juhua.

[ Usage and Dosaged]: 10-20g.

[ Precautions]: It is a warm and astringent tonic, so it is contraindicated in cases with yin deficiency with effulgent fire and dysuria.

沙苑子为豆科植物扁茎黄芪Astragalus complanatus R.Br.的成熟种子。主产内蒙古和东北、西北地区。秋末冬初果实成熟尚未开裂时割取或连根拔出,晒干,打下种子,除去杂质。生用或盐水炒用。

       【药性】甘,温。归肝、肾经。        【功效】补肾固精,养肝明目。       
 
【应用】        1.肾虚腰痛、阳痿遗精、遗尿尿频、白带过多。本品甘温补益,兼具涩性,似菟丝子平补肝肾而以收涩见长。常以本品补肾固精缩尿,单用有效,如《外台秘要》即单以本品治肾虚腰痛;也可与莲子、莲须、芡实等同用,治遗精遗尿带下,如金锁固精丸(《医方集解》)。       
 
2.目暗不明、头昏目花。常以本品养肝肾明目,与枸杞子、菟丝子、菊花等同用。       
 
【用法用量】煎服,10~20g。        【使用注意】本品为温补固涩之品,阴虚火旺及小便不利者忌服。       
 
【古籍摘要】        1.《本草纲目》:“补肾,治腰痛泄精,虚损劳乏。”“古方补肾祛风,皆用刺端黎。后世补肾多山沙苑痰葱,或以熬膏和药,恐其功亦不甚相远也。”       
 
2.《本草汇言》:“沙苑蒺藜,补肾涩精之药也。……能养肝明目,润泽瞳人,能补肾固精,强阳有子,不烈不燥,兼止小便遗沥,乃和平柔润之剂也。”       
 
【现代研究】        1.化学成分:本品含有氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、酚类、鞣质、甾醇和三萜类成分、生物碱、黄酮类成分。       
 
 2.药理作用:沙苑子能显著延长小鼠游泳时间,显示沙苑子有抗疲劳作用。沙苑子总黄酮有降压作用和明显降低血清胆固醇、甘油三酯及增加脑血流量的作用,并能改善血液流变学指标。       
 
 3.临床研究:沙苑蒺藜、五味子等,炼蜜为丸,治疗小儿遗尿症有效(浙江中医杂志,1982,(2):379)。       

 


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