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Shuhexiang (Storax)---苏合香

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It is the processed resin of the trunk of Liquidambar orientalis Mill.,family styracaceae. The resin is extracted directly from the cortex is called"common Suhexiang". If the common one is re-dissolved into alcohol, filtrated and distilled, it is called "Refined Suhexiang". The finished product should be stored in cool place and in a closed container.

[ Medicinal Properties ]: Pungent, warm; relate to heart and spleen meridians.

[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Regain consciousness; remove filth and relieve pain.

[ Clinical Applications ]: 1. Cold sthenia-syndrome of coma       It is the most significant medicinal for cold-type sthenia-syndrome, manifesting as a black complexion, cold body, a white coating on the tongue and slow pulse. For syndromes caused by the evil-influence of cold, or by internal blackage with phlegm-turbidity, manifesting as wind-stroke, phlegm-syncope and fright epilepsy, it should be combined with Shexiang, Anxixiang and Tanxiang, such as, in the Suhexiang Pill.

2. Cold pain and oppression in the chest      When used for fullness of the chest and stomach and cold pain caused by phlegm-turbidity, blood-stasis or congealing cold and qi stagnation, it is usually combined with Bingpian.

In recent years, when dealing with angina pectoris caused by coronary heart disease, it is used together with Tanxiang, Bingpian and Ruxiang, and is able to effectively relieve pains, such as in the Guanxiansuhe Pill.

[ Usage and Dosasge ]: It is processed into powder or pill form, 0.3-1g. The appropriate amount is used for external application.

苏合香为金缕梅科植物苏合香树Liquidambar orientalis Mill.的树干渗出的香树脂脂。主产于非洲、印度及土耳其等地,我国广西、云南有栽培。初夏时将树皮击伤或割破,深达木部.使香树脂渗入树皮内。至秋季剥下树皮,榨取香树脂,即为普通苏合香。如将普通苏合香溶解于乙醇中,过滤,蒸去乙醇,则为精制苏合香。成品应置阴凉处,密闭保存。

       【药性】辛,温。归心、脾经。       
 
【功效】开窍醒神,辟秽,止痛。       
 
【应用】        1.寒闭神昏。苏合香辛香气烈,有开窍醒神之效,作用与麝香相似而力稍逊,且长于温通、辟秽,故为治面青、身凉、苔白、脉迟之寒闭神昏之要药。治疗中风痰厥、惊痫等属于寒邪、痰浊内闭者,常与麝香、安息香、檀香等同用,如苏合香丸(《和剂局方》)。        2.胸腹冷痛,满闷。本品温通、走窜,可收化浊开郁,祛寒止痛之效。用治痰浊,血瘀或寒凝气滞之胸脘痞满、冷痛等症,常与冰片等同用,如苏合丸(《和剂局方》)。        此外,本品能温通散寒,为治疗冻疮的良药,可用苏合香溶于乙醇中涂敷冻疮患处。       
 
【用法用量】入丸、散,0.3~1g。外用适量,不入煎剂。       
 
【古籍摘要】        1.《名医别录》:“主辟恶,……温疟,蛊毒,痫庢,去三虫,除邪。”       
 
2.《本草纲目》:“气香窜,能通诸窍脏腑,故其功能辟一切不正之气。”       
 
 3.《本经逢原》:“能透诸窍藏,辟一切不正之气。凡痰积气厥,必先以此开导,治痰以理气为本也。凡山岚瘴湿之气袭于经络,拘急弛缓不均者,非此不能除。但性燥气窜,阴虚多火人禁用。”       
 
【现代研究】        1.化学成分:苏合香中主要含萜类和挥发油,包括单萜、倍半萜、三萜类化合物及芳樟醇、α,β-蒎烯、松香油醇、二氢香豆酮、柠檬烯、肉桂酸、桂皮醛、乙苯酚等。       
 
2.药理作用:苏合香为刺激性祛痰药,并有较弱的抗菌作用,可用于各种呼吸道感染;又有温和的刺激作用,可缓解局部炎症,并能促进溃疡与创伤的愈合;有增强耐缺氧能力的作用,对狗实验性心肌梗塞有减慢心率、改善冠脉流量和降低心肌耗氧的作用;对兔、大鼠血小板聚集有显著抑制作用。       
 
3.临床研究:以苏合香为君药的多种制剂广泛用于治疗冠心病,疗效确切。如冠心苏合丸(含苏合香酯、冰片、木香、朱砂、檀香)治冠心病及风湿性心瓣膜病引起的心绞痛,有效率达91.5%,一般于服药后2~3分钟奏效(新医药学杂志,1975,2:76);用苏冰滴丸(含苏合香脂、冰片)治疗冠心病,对心绞痛的缓解率为83.4%,心电图改善率为31.5%,服药2~3分钟见效(中成药研究,1983,8:29);用苏合香丸治疗急性胆绞痛,观察50例疗效,均获得控制(浙江中西医结合杂志,1996,1:19);单用苏合香丸治疗胆道蛔虫症60例,连服2—3日,结果治愈43例,好转10例,总有效率88.33%(浙江中西医结合杂志,1998,6:394);
 
此外尚有用苏合香丸治疗其它多种痛症,如腹痛、胁痛、阴缩疼痛、巅顶头痛、三叉神经痛等。

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