

Shuiniujiao is the horn of Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, pertaining to Bovidae. After collected, it is boiled in water. After that, bony structure is removed and it is dried. It is cut into extremely thin slices or pound into crude powder. It is used in raw form or concentrated powder after processed.
[ Medicinal Properties ]: Bitter and cold; relate to heart ad liver merridians.
[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Clear heat and cool blood; relieve toxicity and tranquilize.
[ Usage and Dosage ]: 15-30g. It is cut into extreme thin slice or pounded into crude powder for use. In decoction it is decocted first for at least 3 hours. Its concentrated powder is infused for oral administration. 1.5-3g per time, 2 times each day.
[ Precautions ]: Avoid with deficiency-cold in spleen and stomach.
[ Clinical Applications ]: 1. Warm disease, high fever,coma, convulsions and dementation Shuiniujiao treats high fever, coma, delirium, convulsions and spasms in warm disease in the stage of heat entering blood level, by using its concentrated powder with Shigao, Xuanshen and Lingyangjiao, sucha as in Zixue. for high fever with coma, wind stroke with hemiplegia and unconsciousness, it is combined with Niuhuang, Zhenzhumu and Huangqin. In case of dementation due to blood heat, it is combined with Shichangpu, Xuanshen and Lianqiao.
2. Blood heat, haematemesis, epistaxis, ecchymosis and macula Usually it is used in combination with Shengdihuang, Mudanpi and Chishao.
3. Swollen and sore throat, abscess, swelling,sores and ulcers Usually it is combined with Huanglian, Huangqin and Lianqiao.
水牛角为牛科动物水牛Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus的角。主产于华南、华东地区。取角后,水煮,除去角塞,干燥,镑片或锉成粗粉。生用,或制为浓缩粉用。
【药性】苦,寒。归心、肝经。
【功效】清热凉血,解毒,定惊。
【应用】 1.温病高热,神昏谵语,惊风,癫狂。本品苦寒入心肝血分能清热凉血、泻火解毒定惊,治温热病热入血分,高热神昏谵语,惊风抽搐,可以水牛角浓缩粉配石膏、玄参、羚羊角等药用,如
紫雪(《中国药典·2000年版》)。若配牛黄、珍珠母、黄芩等药用,可治热病神昏,或中风偏瘫,神志不清,如清开灵注射液(口服液)(《卫生部药品标准·中药成方制剂》);若治血热癫狂,可配石菖蒲、玄参、连翘等药用,如抗热解痉丸(《卫生部药品标准·中药成方制剂》)。
2.血热妄行斑疹、吐衄。取本品清热凉血之功,可配生地黄、牡丹皮、赤芍等药用,如清热地黄丸(《现代中成药手册》)。
3.痈肿疮疡,咽喉肿痛。取本品清热解毒之功,可配黄连、黄芩、连翘等药用,如水牛角解毒丸(《卫生部药品标准·中药成方制剂》)。
【用法用量】镑片或粗粉煎服,15-30g,宜先煎3小时以上。水牛角浓缩粉冲服,每次1.5-3g,每日2次。
【使用注意】脾胃虚寒者忌用。
【古籍搞要】 1.《
名医别录》:“疗时气寒热头痛。” 2.《日华子本草》:“治热毒风并壮热。”
3.《陆川本草》:“凉血,解毒,止衄。治热病昏迷,麻痘斑疹,
吐血衄血,血热尿赤。”
【现代研究】 1.化学成分:本品含胆甾醇、肽类及多种氨基酸、多种微量元素。
2.药理作用:本品提取物及水煎剂有强心作用;其注射液有降血压作用;本品有增加血小板计数、缩短凝血时间、降低毛细血管通透性、抗炎等作用;其煎剂有镇惊、解热作用;本品对被大肠杆菌、乙型溶血性链球菌攻击的小鼠有明显的保护作用,对垂体-肾上腺皮质系统有兴奋。
3.临床研究:用水牛角、生地黄、赤芍、牡丹皮、水煎服,水牛角先煎半小时以上,每日1剂,重者两剂,治疗过敏性紫癜54例,效果显著(湖北中医杂志,1987,2:22);用由水牛角粉、人工牛黄、三七、血竭组成的牛黄清络散治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎161例,临床治愈率为82%(浙江中医杂志,1986,9:404);用水牛角为主配大黄组成的黄角汤内服,治疗急性期脑梗死121例,总有效率为89.99%(湖北中医学院学报,2002,1:42);在西医对症疗法的基础上加用清开灵注射液静脉滴注,治疗重型、极重型乙型脑炎40例,显效34例,有效5例,疗效显著优于西药对照组(中国中西医结合急救杂志,2002,1:43)。