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Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn)---羚羊角

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Linyangjiao is the horn of Saiga tatarica Linnaeus, pertaining to Bovidae. It is collected in all seasons. But the best is collected in fall. The horns are cut off after capture, sun dried, and then cut into extreme thin slices or pounded into fine powder for medical purpose.

[ Medicinal Properties ]: Salty and cold; relate to liver and heart meridians.

[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Pacify liver, extinguish wind; clear liver, improve eye; dissipate blood and relieve toxicity.

[ Clinical Applications ]: 1. Fright epilepsy, convulsions and epilepsy         Lingyangjiao is the most significant medicinal to treat fright epilepsy with spasms, especially due to extreme heat with generation of wind, combined with Gouteng and Baishao, such as in Lingjiao Gouteng Decoction. It treats eclampsia in combination with Fangfeng and Duhuo. For epilepsy, it is in combination with Gouteng and Yujin.

2. Dizziness and dizzy vision     It treats dizziness and dizzy vision due to hyperactivity of liver yang in combinatin with Shijueming and Guijia.

3. Reddish eyes and headache      In case of headache, swollen and reddish eyes with pain, photophobia and tearing due to up-flaming of liver fire, it is combined with Juemigzi and Huangqin and Longdan; for example in Lingyangjiao Powder.

4. Warm disease, high fever, coma, heat toxin and macula        It treats high fever, coma,delirium, vexation, dementation, even convulsion, and heat toxin with macula in warm disease, combined with Shigao and Shexiang; for example in Zixue Pills.

 ALso it can relieve fever and stop pain, so it is indicated for wind-damp-heat arthragia, cough due to lung heat, and whooping cough.

[ Usage and Dosage ]: 1-3g. It is decocted alone for at least 2 hours. It is ground into powder or juice for oral administration with dosage of 0.3 -0.6g.

[ Precautions ]: As it is cold, avoid with chronic convulsions due to spleen insufficiency.

[ Annotation ]: Shanyangjiao          It is the horn of Naemorkedus goral Hardwicke, pertaing to Bovidae. Salty and cold. Relate to liver meridian. It can pacify liver and induce sedation to treat hyperactivity of liver yang with dizziness and up-flamig of liver fire accompanied with swollen and reddish eyes with pain, as well as fright epilepsy and convulsions. Dosage 10-15g.

羚羊角为牛科动物赛加羚羊Saiga tatarica Linnaeus的角。主产于新疆、青海、甘肃等地。全年均可捕捉,以秋季猎取最佳。猎取后锯取其角,晒干。镑片或粉碎成细粉。

       【药性】咸,寒。归肝、心经。        【功效】平肝息风,清肝明目,散血解毒。       
 
【应用】        1.肝风内动,惊痫抽搐。本品主入肝经,咸寒质重,善能清泄肝热,平肝息风,镇惊解痉。故为治惊痫抽搐之要药,尤宜于热极生风所致者。用治温热病热邪炽盛之高热、神昏、惊厥抽搐者,常与钩藤、白芍、菊花、桑叶、生地同用,如羚角钩藤汤(《通俗伤寒论》);治妇女子癎,可与防风、独活、茯神、酸枣仁等配伍,如羚羊角散(《济生方》);用治癫痫、惊悸等,可与钩藤、天竺黄、郁金、朱砂等同用。       
 
 2.肝阳上亢,头晕目眩。本品味咸质重主降,有平肝潜阳之功。治肝阳上亢所致之头晕目眩,烦躁失眠,头痛如劈等症,常与石决明、龟甲、生地、菊花等同用,如羚羊角汤(《医醇賸义》)。       
 
3.肝火上炎,目赤头痛。本品善清泻肝火而明目。故用治肝火上炎之头痛,目赤肿痛,羞明流泪等症,常与决明子、黄芩、龙胆草、车前子等同用,如羚羊角散(《和剂局方》)。       
 
 4.温热病壮热神昏,热毒发斑。本品入心肝二经,寒以胜热,故能气血两清,清热凉血散血,泻火解毒,用于温热病壮热神昏,谵语躁狂,甚或抽搐,热毒斑疹等症,常与石膏、寒水石、麝香等配伍,如紫雪丹(《千金方》);又王孟英以羚羊角、犀角加入白虎汤中,称羚犀石膏知母汤,治温热病壮热、谵语发斑等。       
 
 此外,本品有解热,镇痛之效,可用于风湿热痹,肺热咳喘,百日咳等。       
 
【用法用量】煎服,1~3g;宜单煎2小时以上。磨汁或研粉服,每次0.3~0.6g。       
 
【使用注意】本品性寒,脾虚慢惊者忌用。        【古籍摘要】        1.《神农本草经》:“主明目,益气起阴,去恶血注下……安心气。”       
 
2.《本草纲目》:“入厥阴肝经甚捷……肝主木,开窍于目,其发病也,目暗障翳,而羚羊角能平之。肝主风,在合为筋,其发病也,小儿惊痫,妇人子癎,大人中风搐搦,及筋脉挛急,历节掣痛,而羚羊角能舒之。”       
 
【现代研究】        1.化学成分:本品主含角质蛋白,其水解后可得18种氨基酸及多肽物质。尚含多种磷脂、磷酸钙、胆固醇、维生素A等。此外,含多种微量元素。       
 
2.药理作用:羚羊角外皮浸出液对中枢神经系统有抑制作用,有镇痛作用,并能增强动物耐缺氧能力;煎剂有抗惊厥、解热作用;煎剂或醇提取液有降压作用,其小剂量可使离体蟾蜍心脏收缩加强,中等剂量或大剂量可抑制心脏。       
 
 3.临床研究:据报道,用羚羊角粉3g,生赭石30g,夏枯草、栀子、丹皮、泽泻各10g。随证加味,治疗头皮神经痛30例,均治愈(中医杂志,1989,7:46);用羚羊角6g,朱砂2g,琥珀4g,冰片2g,共研粉,每次服1g,治疗脑血栓,有一定疗效(中原医刊,1989,6:23)。另有用羚羊角等治疗流脑、破伤风、血小板减少性紫癜等。       
 
4.不良反应:据临床报道,7月男孩因灌服0.5g羚羊角粉的1/3量,即致过敏反应,出现全身紫癜,吐血等,最后死亡;又羚羊角注射液治疗上呼吸道感染2例,均于肌注10分钟后出现过敏性休克。应引起注意。       
 
 附药 山羊角        为牛科动物青羊Naemorhedus goral Hardwicke的角。性味咸,寒。归肝经。功能平肝,镇惊。适用于肝阳上亢,头目眩晕,肝火上炎,目赤肿痛以及惊风抽搐等证。《医林纂要》:“功用近羚羊角。”可代羚羊角使用。煎服用量10~15g。       

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