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Tianzhuhuang (Tabasheer)---天竺黄

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It is the dried concretion of secretion from the stems of Bambusa textilis McCI ure or Schizostachyum chinense Rendle, family Gramineae. It is collected in autumn and winter from chopped bamboo stems. It is used in raw form.

[ Medicinal Properties ]: Sweet and cold; relate to heart, liver and gallbladder meridians.

[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Clear heat and resolve phlegm; clear heart-fire and stop convulsion.

[ Clinical Applications ]: 1. Phlegm-heat syndrome in heart and liver meridians      For infantile convulsions due to phlegm-heat, it is combined with Shexiang and Dannanxing; for apoplexy due to phlegm accumulation and epilepsy, with Huaglian and Yujin; for fever, delirium and coma, with Niuhuang and Lianqiao.

2. Phlegm-heat with cough and dyspnea       It is combined with Gualou, Zhebeimu and Sangbaipi to treat them.

[ Usage and Dosage ]: 3-9g. It is ground into powder for oral administration with 0.6-1g for each time.

天竺黄为禾本科植物青皮竹Bambusa textilis McClure或华思劳竹Schizostachyum chinense Rendle等杆内分泌液干燥后的块状物。主产于云南、广东、广四等地。秋冬二季采收。砍破竹杆,取出生用。

       【药性】甘,寒。归心、肝经。        【功效】清热化痰,清心定惊。       
 
【应用】        1.小儿惊风,中风癫痫,热病神昏。本品清化热痰,清心定惊之功与竹沥相似而无寒滑之弊。治小儿痰热惊风,常配麝香、胆南星、辰砂等,如抱龙丸(《小儿药证直诀》);治中风痰壅、痰热癫痫等,常配黄连、菖蒲、郁金等;治热病神昏谵语,可配牛黄、连翘、竹叶卷心等。       
 
2.痰热咳喘。用本品以清热化痰,常配瓜蒌、贝母、桑白皮等药用。       
 
【用法用量】煎服,3~6g;研粉冲服,每次0.6~1g。       
 
【鉴别用药】竹茹、竹沥、天竺黄均来源于竹,性寒,均可清热化痰,治痰热咳喘,竹沥、天竺黄又可定惊,用治热病或痰热而致的惊风,癫痫,中风昏迷,喉间痰鸣。天竺黄定惊之力尤胜,多用于小儿惊风,热病神昏;竹沥性寒滑利,清热涤痰力强,大人惊痫中风,肺热顽痰胶结难咯者多用;竹茹长于清心除烦,多用治痰热扰心的心烦,失眠。       
 
【古籍摘要】        1.《开宝本草》:“治小儿惊风天吊,镇心明目,去诸风热。疗金疮。止血,滋养五脏。”       
 
2.《本草汇言》:“竹黄性缓,清空解热,而更有定惊安神之妙,故前古治个儿惊风天吊,夜啼不眠,客忤痢疟及伤风痰闭,发热气促,入抱龙丸,治婴科惊痰要剂。加大人中风,失音不语,入风痰药中,亦屡见奏效。”      
 
  3.《本草正》:“善开风痰,降热痰。治痰滞胸膈,烦闷,癫痫。清心火,镇心气,醒脾疏肝。明眼目,安惊悸。疗小儿风痰急惊客忤。亦治金疮,并内热药毒。”       
 
【现代研究】        1.化学成分:本品含甘露醇、硬脂酸、竹红菌甲素、竹红菌乙素,还含头孢素和硬脂酸乙酯及氢氧化押,硅质等。       
 
 2.药理作用:竹红菌乙素具有明显的镇痛抗炎作用,提高痛阀强度要优于消炎痛。竹红菌甲素对革兰氏阳性菌有很好的抑制作用,对培养的人癌细胞和小鼠移植性实体肿瘤有显著的光动力治疗作用。       
3.临床研究:以天竺黄为主要成分的竹黄颗粒口服,治疗银屑病有明显疗效(中国中医药信息杂志,2001,1:47);从竹红菌中分离的竹红菌甲素制成软膏涂于患处,在光照下,治疗妇女外阴白色病变和肥厚性瘢痕有确效(中华妇产科杂志,1984,1:29);另有报道将竹红菌甲素及乙素混合物制成喷雾剂,局部喷雾治疗烧烫伤,对浅Ⅱ度烧伤创面早期应用具有成膜性快,透气性好,创面愈合快的优点(中草药,1999,6:77)。       

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