Jinyinhua is the dried bud or that with early blossoming flower of Lonicera japonica Thunb., pertaining to Caprifoliaceae. It is collected in early summer before blossom, and is dried. The raw form is used. Also it is used after stir-baked or processed ito daw form.
[ Medicinal Properties ]: Sweet and cold; relate to lung, heart and stomach meridians.
[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Clear heat, relieve toxicity; diperse wind and discharge heat.
[ Usage and Dosage ]: 6-5g. It is stir-baked to charcoal for blood dysentery. Also it is used externally.
[ Precautions ]: Avoid with deficiency-cold of spleen ad stomach, as well as diluted pus in sores and ulcers due to qi deficiency.
[ Clinical Applications ]: 1. Ulcers, abscess, furuncle,and swelling Jinyinhua is the most significant medicinal to treat internal abscess and external abscess, by itself or by pounding the fresh one for external application. Also it can be used with Yejuhua, Pugongying and Zihuadiding; for example inn Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction. it treats abdominal pain due to intestinal abscess, combined with Danggui, Yiyiren and Huangqin.
2. External contraction of wind-heat, and early stage of warm disease For external contraction of wind-heat or ealry stage of warm disease, manifesting as fever, headache, sore thorat and thirst, ususally it is combined with Lianqiao, Bohe and Niubangzi; for example in Yinqiao Powder. It treats entering of heat into qi level, manifesting as high fever, agitation, thirst, surging and large pulse, combined with Shigao, Zhimu and Lianqiao. Also it treats entering of heat into nutrient and blood level, manifesting as purple tongue, coma, agitation and insomnia, in combination with Shengdihuang, Xuanshen and Danshen in Qingying Decoctiong, for it can push heat out from nutrient through qi.
3. Heat toxin and blood dysentery It is applied alone by processing the fresh one into condensed decoction, to be taken in small doses at short intervals, or in combinatin with Huangqin, Huanglian and Baitouweng.
Also it can be processed into dew, to clear heat, relieve summer-heat, clear head and eyes. It can treat agitation and thirst due to summer-heat, swollen and sore throat, infantile herpes simplex and heat rash.
[ Annotation ]:Ren dong teng :Rendongteng is the dried stem of honeysuckle, also known as Yinhuateng. In fall and winter, cut the twig with leaves and sun dry. The raw form is used. Sweet and bitter. it relate to lung and stomach meridians. its property is similar to that of Jinyinhua, but weaker in clearing heat and relieving toxicity. Also it can disperse wind and unblock collaterals to treat warm disease,fever, heat toxin, blood dysentery, abscess,swelling, sores and ulcers, wind-damp-heat arthralgia with reddish, swollen and pain joints. Dosage 9-30 g.
金银花为忍冬科植物忍冬Lonicera japonica Thund.、红腺忍冬L. hypoglauca Miq.、山银花L. confusa DC.或毛花柱忍冬L. dasystyla Rehd.的干燥花蕾或带初开的花。我国南北各地均有分布,主产于河南、山东等省。夏初花开放前采摘,阴干。生用,炒用或制成露剂使用。
【
药性】甘,寒。归肺、心、胃经。
【功效】清热解毒,疏散风热。
【应用】 1.痈肿疔疮。本品甘寒,清热解毒,散痈消肿,为治一切内痈外痈之要药。治疗痈疮初起,红肿热痛者,可单用本品煎服,并用渣敷患处,亦可与皂角刺、穿山甲、白芷配伍,如
仙方活命饮(《
妇人大全良方》);用治疔疮肿毒,坚硬根深者,常与紫花地丁、蒲公英、野菊花同用,如五味消毒饮(《
医宗金鉴》);用治肠痈腹痛者,常与当归、地榆、黄芩配伍,如清肠饮(《
辨证录》);用治肺痈咳吐脓血者,常与鱼腥草、芦根、桃仁等同用,以清肺排脓。
2.外感风热,温病初起。本品甘寒,芳香疏散,善散肺经热邪,透热达表,常与连翘、薄荷、牛蒡子等同用,治疗外感风热或温病初起,身热头痛,咽痛口渴,如
银翘散(《
温病条辨》);本品善清心、胃热毒,有透营转气之功,配伍水牛角、生地、黄连等药,可治热入营血,舌绛神昏,心烦少寐,如
清营汤(《
温病条辨》);若与香薷、厚朴、连翘同用,又可治疗暑温,发热烦渴,头痛无汗,如新加香薷饮(《
温病条辨》)。
3.热毒血痢。本品甘寒,有清热解毒,凉血,止痢之效,故常用治热毒痢疾,下利脓血,单用浓煎口服即可奏效;亦可与黄芩、黄连、白头翁等药同用,以增强止痢效果。
此外,尚可用治咽喉肿痛、小儿热疮及痱子。
【用法用量】煎服,6~15g。疏散风热、清泄里热以生品为佳;炒炭宜用于热毒血痢;露剂多用于暑热烦渴。 【使用注意】脾胃虚寒及气虚疮疡脓清者忌用。
【古籍摘要】 1.《本草拾遗》:“主热毒、血痢、水痢、浓煎服之。”
2.《
本草纲目》:“一切风湿气,及诸肿毒、痈疽疥癣、杨梅诸恶疮。散热解毒。”
3.《
本经逢原》:“金银花,解毒去脓,泻中有补,痈疽溃后之圣药。但气虚脓清,食少便泻者勿用。”
【现代研究】 1.化学成分:本品含有挥发油、木犀草素、环己六醇、黄酮类、肌醇、皂苷、鞣质等。分离出的绿原酸和异绿原酸是本品抗菌的主要成分。
2.药理作用:本品具有广谱抗菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌等致病菌有较强的抑制作用,对钩端螺旋体、流感病毒及致病霉菌等多种病原微生物亦有抑制作用;金银花煎剂能促进白细胞的吞噬作用;有明显的抗炎及解热作用。本品有一定降低胆固醇作用。其水及酒浸液对肉瘤180及艾氏腹水瘤有明显的细胞毒作用。此外大量口服对实验性胃溃疡有预防作用。对中枢神经有一定的兴奋作用。
3.临床研究:以金银花为主制成注射剂、气雾剂或粉针剂,临床常用于上呼吸道感染、肺炎、急慢性咽喉炎、急性细菌性痢疾,急性肠炎、慢性前列腺炎及阴道炎等疾病。据报道,金银花尚可用于其他多种疾病,如:以金银花为主适当配伍,可治疗肝癌、白血病、淋巴肉瘤、肺癌、鼻咽癌等多种癌症,可使症状缓解、肿块缩小、疼痛减轻(抗癌治验本草1994:397);口服金银花露还可用于肿瘤放、化疗后口干症,治疗978例,有效率为80%(江苏中医1992,6:15);用金银花水煎服,治疗急性肾盂肾炎60例,总有效率86.66%(河北中西医结合杂志1999,1:67);用金银花花蕾干燥为末,于每日早晚餐前口服,用于螺杆菌(HP)感染相关性消化性溃疡48例,总有效率为72.9%(中国中西医结合杂志2000,4:284)。
此外,金银花尚可用于防治钩端螺旋体病、复发性口疮、牙周炎、荨麻疹、银屑病及高脂血症等,还可用于烧伤免疫功能低下的患者控制感染。
4.不良反应:本品所含的绿原酸有致敏原作用,可引起变态反应,但口服一般无此反应。
附药 忍冬藤 为忍冬科植物忍冬Lonicera japonica Thund.的干燥茎枝,又名银花藤。秋冬割取带叶的嫩枝,晒干,生用。味甘,性寒,归肺、胃经,其功效与金银花相似。本品解毒作用不及金银花,但有清热疏风,通络止痛的作用,故常用于温病发热,风湿热痹,关节红肿热痛,屈伸不利等症。煎服,9~30g。