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ShiJunzi (Rangooncreeper Fruit)---使君子

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Product Description

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This Medicinal is the dried ripe fruit of Quisqualis indica L. (fam. Combretaceae). It is harvested in September and October when the pericarp turns purple or dark and dried by natural sulight. The peeled seeds are used unprocessed or stir-baked till it smells sweet.

[ Medicinal Properties ]: Sweet, warm; relate to spleen and sotmach meridians.

[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Destroy parasites; remove food stagnation.

[ Clinical Applications ]: Ascariasis,infantile malnutrition with accumulation       Sweet in smell,  not bitter, without daaging healthy qi, Shijunzi is especially appropriate for infants. For mild cases, it can be chewed and swallowed by itself; however, in server cases, it is combined with Kulianpi and Binglang to improve its therapeutic effects. To treat infantile malnutrition with accumulation manifested as emaciation, it is often used in combination with Dangshen, Baizhu and Jineijin.

[ Usage and Dosage ]: 9-12g. For children, the recommended dose is 1-1.5grains per day 0per age with the maximum total dose being 20 grains.

[ Precautions ]: Large-dosage administration of Shijunzi may cause hiccup, dizziness and vomiting. If it is taken with hot tea, hiccup may also occur.

【应用】        1.蛔虫病,蛲虫病。本品味甘气香而不苦,性温又入脾胃经,既有良好的驱杀蛔虫作用,又具缓慢的滑利通肠之性,故为驱蛔要药,尤宜于小儿。轻证单用本品炒香嚼服;重证可与苦楝皮、槟榔等同用,如使君子散(《证治准绳》);用治蛲虫,可与百部、槟榔、大黄等同用。       
 
2.小儿疳疾。本品甘温,既能驱虫,又能健脾消疳。常与槟榔、神曲、麦芽等配伍,用治小儿疳疾面色痿黄、形瘦腹大、腹痛有虫者,如肥儿丸(《医宗金鉴》);与厚朴、陈皮、川芎等同用,治疗小儿五疳,心腹膨胀,不进饮食,如使君子丸(《和剂局方》)。       
 
 【用法用量】煎服,9~12g,捣碎;取仁炒香嚼服,6~9g。小儿每岁1~1.5粒,一日总量不超过20粒。空腹服用,每日1次,连用3天。       
 
【使用注意】大量服用可致呃逆、眩晕、呕吐、腹泻等反应。若与热茶同服,亦能引起呃逆、腹泻,故服用时当忌饮茶。       
 
 【古籍摘要】        1.《开宝本草》:“主小儿五疳,小便白浊,杀虫,疗泻痢。”       
 
2.《本草纲目》:“健脾胃,除虚热,治小儿百病疮癣。”“此物味甘气温,既能杀虫,又益脾胃,所以能敛虚热而止泻痢,为小儿诸病要药。”“忌饮热茶,犯之即泻。”       
 
3.《本草正》:“使君子,凡小儿食此,亦不宜频而多,大约性滑,多则能伤脾也。但使君子专杀蛔虫,榧子专杀寸白虫耳。”       
 
【现代研究】        1.化学成分:种仁含使君子氨酸,约0.5%,以钾盐形式存在,即使君子酸钾;脂肪油23.9%,油中含油酸48.2%,棕榈酸29.2%,硬脂酸9.1%,肉豆蔻酸4.5%及花生酸、甾醇等。       
 
 2.药理作用:10%使君子水浸膏可使蚯蚓麻痹或死亡;使君子仁提取物有较强的麻痹猪蛔头部的作用,麻痹前可见刺激现象,其有效成分为使君子氨酸钾;其所含吡啶类及油对人、动物均有明显的驱蛔效果;其粉有驱蛲虫作用。       
 
 3.临床研究:使君子15g,炒黄研细,制成散剂,空服顿服,治疗蛔虫病27例,总有效率为92.6%(中医杂志,1988,11:47);使君子、百部各30g,米醋25ml,水煎灌肠,治疗蛲虫病30例,均治愈(吉林中医药,1999,2:32);使君子,去壳取仁,捣烂后加入适量饴糖,制成丸药,每丸3g,每次1丸,炖瘦猪肉2~5两,3日一次,3次为1疗程,治疗小儿脱肛53例,有效率为84.9%(中医杂志,1985,2:34)。另有用使君子治疗肠道滴虫病、中耳炎等。       
 
4.不良反应:使君子有毒成分为使君子酸钾。使君子氨酸的神经毒作用研究表明,可造成实验动物癫痫大发作,其引起的脑损伤与动物年龄、给药剂量有关。本品内服可致胃肠刺激及膈肌痉挛,毒副作用表现为,呃逆、头痛、眩晕、恶心、呕吐、出冷汗、四肢发冷,重者可出现抽搐、惊厥、呼吸困难、血压下降等。中毒原因主要是内服生品、误食过量新鲜果实,或用量过大。解救办法可洗胃、催吐,对症治疗;轻者可用绿豆、甘草煎水服。       

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