Daqingye is the dried leaf of Isatis indigotica Fort., pertainig to Cruciferae. It is collected in summer and fall. After lightly washed. it is cut into small pieces. The fresh form is used or it is used in the raw form after sun dried.
[ Medicinal Properties ]: Bitter and cold; relate to heart and stomach meridians.
[ Medicinal Efficacies ]: Clear heat, relieve toxicity; cool blood and resolve macula.
[ Usage and Dosage ]: 9-15 g. Also it is used externally.
[ Precautions ]: Avoid with deficiency-cold in spleen and stomach.
[ Clinical Applications ]: 1.Heat entering nutrient-blood, warm toxinosis and macula Daqingye is good at relieving excessive fire and heat toxin in heart and stomach meridians. It treats warm disease in the stage of heat entering nutrient-bloood, manifesting as high fever , coma and macula, usually combined with Shuiniujiao and Zhizi; for example in Xijiao Daqing Decoction. Also it treats exterior syndrome of wind-heat or early stage of warm disease manifesting as fever, headache,thirest, and sore throat, combined with Gegen and Lianqiao.
2. Aphtha, inflammation of throat, erysipelas and mumps It treats aphtha and inflammation of throat; for example, by using raw Daqingye juice, which is recorded in ancient formula book. Also it treats pestilential toxin up attacking, manifesting as headache, mumps and inflammation of throat, combined with Jinyinhua and Dahuang. For red and swollen erysipelas due to blood heat and prosperous toxin, by itself the fresh one is pounded for use or combined with Pugongying, Zihuadiding and Zaoxiu.
[ Annotation ]: It is stipulated in Zhong Hua ren Ming Gong He Guo Yao Dian (Pharmacopoeia of People' s Republic of China) 2000 edition, leaf of lsatis indigotica Fort. It is a quality goods, and the dired leaf of Polygonum tinctorium Ait., pertaining to Polygonaceae, is given the name of Liao Daqingye. Also Baphicacanthus cusia(Nees) Bremek., pertaining to Acanthaceae and Clerodendron cyrtophyllum Turcz., pertaining to Verbenaceae, are used as Daqingye in some areas. They are similar in properties and efficacies.
大青叶为十字花科植物菘蓝1satis indigotica Fort.的干燥叶片。主产于江苏、安徽、河北、河南、浙江等地。冬季栽培,夏、秋二季分2~3次采收,略洗,切碎,鲜用或晒干生用。
【药性】苦、寒。归心、胃经。
【功效】清热解毒,凉血消斑。
【应用】 1.热入营血,温毒发斑。本品苦寒,善解心胃二经实火热毒;又入血分而能凉血消斑,气血两清,故可用治温热病心胃毒盛,热入营血,气血两燔,高热神昏,发斑发疹,常与水牛角、玄参、栀子等同用,如犀角大青汤(《
医学心悟》)。本品功善清热解毒,若与葛根、连翘等药同用,便能表里同治,故可用于风热表证或温病初起,发热头痛,口渴咽痛等,如清温解毒丸(《中国药典》2000年版)。
2.喉痹口疮,痄腮丹毒。本品苦寒,既能清心胃实火,又善解瘟疫时毒,有解毒利咽,凉血消肿之效。用治心胃火盛,咽喉肿痛,口舌生疮者,常与生地、大黄、升麻同用,如大青汤(《
圣济总录》);若瘟毒上攻,发热头痛,痄腮,喉痹者,可与金银花、大黄、拳参同用;用治血热毒盛,丹毒红肿者,可用鲜品捣烂外敷,或与蒲公英、紫花地丁、蚤休等药配伍使用。
【用法用量】煎服,9~15g,鲜品30~60g。外用适量。
【使用注意】脾胃虚寒者忌用。
【古籍摘要】 1.《
名医别录》:“疗时气头痛,大热,口疮。”
2.《
本草纲目》:“主热毒痢,黄疸,喉痹,丹毒。”
3.《本草正》:“治瘟疫热毒发斑,风热斑疹,痈疡肿痛,除烦渴,止鼻衄,吐血……凡以热兼毒者,皆宜蓝叶捣汁用之。”
【现代研究】 1.化学成分:菘蓝叶含色氨酸、靛玉红B、葡萄糖芸苔素、新葡萄糖芸苔素、葡萄糖芸苔素-1-磺酸盐及靛蓝。
2.药理作用:菘蓝叶对金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌均有一定抑制作用;大青叶对乙肝表面抗原以及流感病毒亚甲型均有抑制作用。靛玉红有显著的抗白血病作用。
3.临床研究:据报道,大青叶在临床上多用于流行性感冒持续高热、上呼吸道感染、流行性乙型脑炎、急性传染性肝炎等病毒性疾病,对急性菌痢、肠炎、牙周炎、宫颈炎等也有较好的疗效,此外尚可用于其他疾病,如:用大青叶所含有效成份靛玉红制成片剂或用靛玉红合成产品,治疗慢性粒细胞性白血病40例,总有效率为90%(中医杂志1987,10:24);用大青叶、板蓝根、金钱草、大黄水煎液,口服、熏洗及湿热外敷患处,治疗男性尖锐湿疣28例,疗效确切(中西医结合杂志1990,9:537);用大青叶、板蓝根、白花蛇舌草各等药水煎服,治疗掌跖脓疱病56例,疗效满意(中医杂志1995,6:338)。
4.不良反应:大青叶的大剂量长期毒性实验,可使肝脏发生肝窦扩张瘀血、肝细胞普遍萎缩和肝细胞肿胀变性的两种形式的变化。
【其他】《中国药典》2005年版将菘蓝叶定为大青叶的正品,将蓼科植物蓼蓝Po1ygonum tinctorium Ait.的干燥叶定名为蓼大青叶。
此外,爵床科多年生灌木状草本马蓝Baphicacanthuscsia (Nees) Bremek、马鞭草科落叶灌木路边青Clerodendron cyrtophyllum Turcz等在不同地区亦做大青叶使用,功用、主治基本相同。